Cardiology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the heart. The field includes diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology.

Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its diseases, a unique specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist takes care of diseases, in the widest sense, and some cosmetic problems of the skin, scalp, hair, and nails.

Otolaryngology or ENT (ear, nose and throat) is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders.

Family medicine (FM) is a medical specialty devoted to comprehensive health care to people of all ages. It is a form of primary care that provides continuing, comprehensive health care for the individual and family across all ages, sexes, diseases, and parts of the body. It is based on knowledge of the patient in the context of the family and the community, emphasizing disease prevention and health promotion.

Gastroenterology is a medical specialty devoted to the study, diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the digestive system, while hepatology is the branch of medicine that incorporates the study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreas. Internal Medicine is medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis and medical treatment of adults.

General Surgery is the consultation and surgery of medical conditions involving the breast, endocrine system, gastrointestinal tract, colon, liver, pancreas and rectum.

Geriatrics is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease in older people and the problems specific to aging.

Haematology is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the blood and bone marrow as well as of the immunologic, hemostatic (blood clotting) and vascular systems.

An infectious disease is a clinically evident illness resulting from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents. Due to their potential of transmission from one person or species to another by a replicating agent, infectious pathologies are also called communicable diseases or transmissible diseases.

Nephrology is the art and science of the care of the kidney. It concerns the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, including electrolyte disturbances and hypertension, and the care of those requiring renal replacement therapy, including dialysis and renal transplant patients.

Neurology is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and effector tissues.

Neurosurgery is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of disorders that affect the entire nervous system including the brain, spinal column, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system.

Obstetrics is the art and science of managing pregnancy, labor and the puerperium (the time after delivery), while gynaecology the branch of medicine dealing with the health of the female reproductive system (uterus, vagina, and ovaries).

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with tumors (cancer). It is concerned with the diagnosis of cancer, therapy, follow-up of cancer patients after successful treatment, palliative care of patients with terminal malignancies, and screening.

Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the anatomy, functions, and diseases of the eye. The term ophthalmologist refers to a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems. Since ophthalmologists perform operations on eyes, they are considered to be both a surgical and medical specialty.

Orthopedic surgery is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.

Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics differs from adult medicine in many respects. Congenital defects, genetic variance, and developmental issues are of greater concern to pediatricians than they often are to adult physicians.

Psychiatry specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders, including various affective, behavioural, cognitive and perceptual disorders.

Radiology is the branch of medicine that uses ionizing and non-ionizing radiation for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. More recently, radiology has also embraced the use of radioactive isotopes and of non-ionizing radiation such as ultrasound waves and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Pulmonology is the specialty that deals with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract. It is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases, as well as secondary prevention (tuberculosis). Pulmonology is generally considered a branch of internal medicine, although it is closely related to intensive care medicine when dealing with patients requiring mechanical ventilation.

Rheumatology is a subspecialty of internal medicine that involves the non-surgical evaluation and treatment of the rheumatic diseases and conditions. Rheumatic diseases and conditions are characterized by symptoms involving the musculoskeletal system. Many of the rheumatic diseases and conditions feature immune system abnormalities.

Sports medicine is an area of health and special services that apply medical and scientific knowledge to prevent, recognize, manage, and rehabilitate injuries related to sport, exercise, or recreational activity. Common sports injuries include concussion, muscle cramps, and sprains.

Subfertility primarily refers to below average biological ability of a person to contribute to conception. Infertility may also refer to the state of a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. There are many biological causes of infertility, some which may be bypassed with medical intervention.

Urology is the surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. The organs covered by urology include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and penis).