Diagnostics & Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging is an advanced scanning technology that makes use of magnetic field, radio waves and computer technology to produce precise images of body structures for accurate diagnosis. MRI is an accurate, radiation free and safe examination with no known side effects.

PET is a nuclear medicine imaging technique which is frequently used in clinical oncology. PET scan can visualize and detect metabolism of the human body with a small amount of short-lived position emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Tumours will be identified as they consume more than the normal cells. PET can facilitate early cancer detection and distinguish between the malignant and benign diseases.

Computed Tomography is an X-ray imaging technique that combines X-ray images with advanced computer systems to generate high resolution and three-dimensional images of the internal organs and structures of the body. It is suitable for diagnosis of tumors, abscesses and health check purposes.

An Ultrasound Scan uses high frequency ultrasound to reflect various body parts making it a safe, non-radioactive method of screening and is therefore frequently used in prenatal care and obstetric sonography. It can also be used to visualise internal organs, blood vessels and tumours.

A Mammogram is a diagnostic screening tool specifically designed to capture internal images and micro-calcifications of the breasts. A Mammogram is able to detect minute cancer cells that might not be detected by self-examination or physical examination.

An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-ray particles pass through the body to create radiographic images of the body’s inside. X-rays are specially used for creating images of the bones, the lungs and the urinary system.

Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a convenient means of measuring bone mineral density of the spine, femur and wrist. Two X-ray beams are used to detect osteoporosis and to calculate the risk of bone fracture.

1. Do diagnostic imaging procedures involve radiation?

Some imaging examinations, such as X‑ray, CT scan and mammography, involve the use of low‑dose radiation. Other modalities, including MRI and ultrasound, do not involve radiation. Your doctor or radiographer will advise on the most appropriate imaging method based on clinical needs.

2. Is a referral required for diagnostic imaging services?

Most diagnostic imaging services require a referral from a doctor to ensure clinical appropriateness. Please check with the clinic in advance regarding appointment arrangements and documentation requirements.

3. Are there any general preparation requirements before imaging procedures?

Preparation requirements vary depending on the type of examination.

• Fasting may be required for certain scans
• A full bladder may be needed for some pelvic or urinary system examinations
• Specific instructions will be provided prior to your appointment

Please follow the instructions provided to ensure accurate results.

4. Are there any precautions for MRI scans?

MRI scans use strong magnetic fields, and certain precautions are required.

MRI may not be suitable for patients with:

• Cardiac pacemakers or implantable defibrillators
• Metallic implants or prostheses
• Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy

Further assessment will be conducted by the MRI team prior to the scan.

Fasting: Fasting is generally not required, except for specific examinations (e.g. MRCP), where fasting for at least 6 hours may be needed.

5. What should I know before a CT or PET-CT scan?

CT and PET-CT scans may not be suitable for patients who are pregnant or may be pregnant.

For PET-CT scans, patients may be advised to limit close contact with infants, children and pregnant women for a period after the examination.

6. Are there fasting or medication requirements for CT and PET-CT scans?

Preparation depends on the type of scan:

• Contrast scans: fasting for at least 4 hours
• Abdominal scans: fasting for 6 to 8 hours

For patients with diabetes:

• Certain medications (e.g. Metformin/Glucophage) may need to be withheld before and after contrast imaging
• Please consult your referring doctor for advice on medication management

7. What preparation is required for ultrasound scans?

Preparation depends on the type of ultrasound:

• Gallbladder scans: fasting for at least 8 hours
• Pelvic, prostate or bladder scans: a full bladder may be required

For pelvic transvaginal ultrasound:

This examination may not be suitable during menstruation or where clinically inappropriate.

9. What preparations are required for a breast needle biopsy?

Before the procedure

Medications:
You may be advised to stop medications or supplements that can increase bleeding risk, such as aspirin, anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin, rivaroxaban), fish oil, ginseng or ginkgo. Please consult your doctor before stopping any medication. In some cases, these should be discontinued several days prior to the procedure, subject to medical advice.

Eating and clothing:

• Fasting is not required; you may have a light meal before the procedure.
• On the day of the biopsy, please avoid applying powder, lotion or deodorant to the breast or underarm area.
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing, preferably with separate top and bottom, to facilitate the examination.